Social Construct – Sex

The meaning of SOCIAL CONSTRUCT is an idea that has been created and accepted by the people in a society.

Natural and Unnatural – Sex
Western Historical Social Construct – Sex
Islamic and Indian Social Construct – Sex
Catholic Church
Western Social Construct – Sex

Natural and Unnatural – Sex

The basic purpose of sex is the survival of species, this is sex in its Natural form. Any sex act that does not lead to the survival of a species is Unnatural.

Forms of unnatural sexual acts amongst humans: The use of contraception, having sex with a human under the age of 14, having sex with anything that is not human, masturbation, people of the same gender having sex which excludes someone of the opposite sex, anal sex, oral sex which does not aid at arousal, but personal satisfaction. Abortion can also be seen as an unnatural form of sex, even though it’s not a sexual act itself, it prevents the reproduction of a species, and is the result of having sex.

Some forms of Unnatural sex, are accepted in some societies and religions, and in some sections of society, it’s completely unacceptable. It depends on the social construct of that particular society.

Western Historical Social Construct – Sex

In ancient tribal Europe

From 380 A.D. to 1983 A.D., the age of marriage without parental consent was 21 in the Roman Catholic Church. From 380 A.D. to 1971 A.D., the minimum marriageable age was 12 for females and 14 for males in the Roman Catholic Church.

During the Holy Roman Empire, the age of marriage without parental consent was 21 years old and the minimum marriageable age was 12 years for females and 14 years for males. Some fathers arranged marriages for a son or a daughter before he or she reached the age of maturity (marriage without parental consent). Sex was only allowed once married and the age of 12 for females and the age of 14 for males was achieved. Roman Catholic canon law defines marriage as consummated when the “spouses have performed between themselves in a human fashion a conjugal act which is suitable in itself for the procreation of offspring, to which marriage is ordered by its nature and by which the spouses become one flesh.”

In England, the Marriage Act 1753 required marriage to be covered by a license (requiring parental consent for those under 21) or the publication of banns (which parents of those under 21 could forbid). The Church of England dictated that both the bride and groom must be at least 21 years of age to marry without the consent of their families; in the certificates, the most common age for the brides is 22 years. For the grooms 24 years was the most common age, with average ages of 24 years for the brides and 27 for the grooms. Mainly because the fathers refused their daughters to be married, which laid the seeds for the feminist movement. Yes, feminism was started by men who did not what to let go of their daughters. While European noblewomen often married early, they were a small minority of the population, and the marriage certificates from Canterbury show that, in England, even among nobility it was very rare to marry women off at very early ages. Mostly due to over-protective fathers.

In England, the minimum marriageable age was raised to 16 in 1929. Before then, the minimum marriageable age was 12 for females and 14 for males. In 1971, the age of majority (marriage without parental consent) was lowered to 18 years old.

The age of majority (marriage without parental consent) is 18 years old since 1983 C.E. and the minimum marriageable age is 14 years old for females and 16 years old for males since in 1917 C.E in the Roman Catholic Church.

Famous marriages below the age of 18 in Europe

8th century

• Hildegard (14 years old) was married to Charlemagne in 772.

9th century

• Æthelswith (14 years old) was married to Burgred of Mercia in 853.
• Judith of Flanders (13 years old) was married to Æthelwulf, King of Wessex (61 years old), in October 856. After Æthelwulf’s death in January 858, Judith (15 years old) was remarried later that year to the new king, her stepson Æthelbald. Her second husband died in 860, and she was married to Baldwin I, Margrave of Flanders, in either 862, when she was around 19 years old.
• Beatrice of Vermandois (10 years old) was married to Robert, Margrave of Neustria (24 years old; later King of West Francia), in c. 890

10th century

• Gisela of France (5yrs) was married to the much older Rollo in 911.
• Eadgifu of Wessex (16yrs) was married to Charles the Simple, King of West Francia (40yrs), in 919.
• Bertha of Swabia (15yrs) was married to Rudolph II of Burgundy (42yrs) in 922.
• Adelaide of Italy (15yrs) was married to Lothair II of Italy (20yrs) in 947.
• Liutgard of Saxony (15yrs) was married to Conrad, Duke of Lorraine (25yrs), in 947.
• Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou (15yrs) was married to the much older Stephen, Viscount of Gévaudan, in circa 955.
• Emma of Italy (17yrs) was married to Lothair of France (24yrs) in 965.
• Theophanu (17yrs) was married to the future Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor (17yrs), in 972.
• Gerberga of Burgundy (13yrs) was married to Herman I, Count of Werl, in circa 978.
• Gisela of Hungary (12yrs) was married to Stephen I of Hungary (21yrs) in 996.

11th century

• Hedwig of France (13yrs) was married to Renauld I, Count of Nevers, in 1016.
• Adela of Normandy (15yrs) married the future Stephen, Count of Blois (38yrs), in 1083
• Gisela of Burgundy (14yrs) was married to Humbert II, Count of Savoy (24yrs), in 1090.
• Constance of France (15yrs) was married to Hugh I, Count of Troyes (19yrs), in 1095.

12th century

• Cecile of France (9yrs) was married to Tancred, Prince of Galilee (31yrs), in late 1106. As he was dying in 1112, Tancred made Pons, Count of Tripoli, promise to marry her; Pons and Cecile were married later that year, when she was 15 and he was 14.
• Sybilla of Normandy (15yrs) was married to Alexander I of Scotland (29yrs) circa 1107.
• Matilda of England (12yrs), daughter of Henry I of England, was married to Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (28yrs), in 1114. They had been officially betrothed four years prior, in 1110, when Matilda was just eight; and a few months following the betrothal, Matilda was crowned.
• Matilda of Anjou (13yrs) was married to William Adelin (15yrs), son and heir of Henry I of England in 1119.
• Sibylla of Anjou (11yrs) was married to William Clito (21yrs) in 1123. The marriage was annulled the following year on the grounds that they had the same ancestor.
• Eleanor of Aquitaine (15yrs) married Louis VII of France (17yrs) in 1137; their marriage was annulled in 1152. She went on to marry Henry II of England that same year.
• Petronilla of Aquitaine (15yrs) was married to Ralph I, Count of Vermandois, in 1140.
• Constance of France (15yrs) was married to Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne (12yrs), in 1140.
• Agnes of Courtenay (15yrs) married to Reynald of Marash, in 1149.
• Sancha of Castile (14yrs) married to Sancho VI of Navarre (21yrs) in 1153.
• Constance of Castile (17yrs) married to Louis VII of France (34yrs) in 1154.
• Theodora Komnene (13yrs) married to Baldwin III of Jerusalem (28yrs) in 1158.
• Elisabeth of Vermandois (16yrs) married to Philip I, Count of Flanders (16yrs), in 1159.
• Alix of France (14yrs) was married to Theobald V, Count of Blois (34yrs), in 1164.
• Gertrude of Bavaria (14yrs) was married to Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia (21yrs), in 1166.
• Matilda of England (11yrs), daughter of Henry II of England, was married to Henry the Lion (39yrs) in 1168.
• Eleanor of England (9yrs), daughter of Eleanor of Aquitane and Henry II of England, married to Alfonso VIII of Castile (15yrs) in 1170.
• Margaret of France (14yrs) was married to Henry the Young King (17yrs) in 1172. They had been betrothed since 1160. Margaret 2 and Henry was 5.
• Matilda of Boulogne (9yrs) married to Henry I, Duke of Brabant (14yrs), in 1179.
• Agnes of France was betrothed at age 8 married at 9 to Alexios II Komnenos (10yrs) in 1180. She was widowed in 1183 at the age of 12, and was then married to Andronicus Comnenus (65yrs); he died two years later.
• Isabella of Hainault (10yrs) married Philip II of France (14yrs) in 1180. She had previously been betrothed to Henry, future Count of Champagne, when he was 5 and she was only 1.
• Isabella of Jerusalem (11yrs) married Humphrey IV of Toron (17yrs) in 1183. They had been betrothed when Isabella was 8-years-old.
• Berengaria of Castile married Conrad II, Duke of Swabia (14yrs), in 1187, when she was 8 years old. They never had sex to confirm the marriage. After Conrad’s death in 1196, Berengaria married her first cousin once removed Alfonso IX of León (26yrs) in 1197, when she was 18 years old. The Pope broke the marriage in 1204 on the grounds that they were related.
• Matilda of Saxony (16yrs) married Geoffrey of Perche in 1189.
• Theresa of Portugal (14yrs) married Alfonso IX of León (20yrs) in 1191.

13th century

• Marie of Ponthieu (9yrs), was married to Simon of Dammartin (28yrs) in 1208.
• Marie of France (13yrs) married Philip I of Namur (36yrs) in 1211. After his death a year later, she was then married at the age of 15 to Henry I, Duke of Brabant (48yrs).
• Beatrice of Hohenstaufen (14yrs) married Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (37yrs), in 1212.
• Matilda of Brabant (12yrs) married Henry VI, Count Palatine of the Rhine (16yrs), in 1212.
• Philippa of Champagne (17yrs) married Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt (44yrs) in 1214.
• Elizabeth of Hungary was moved to her fiancée’s family at age 5 and was married at age 14, in 1221.
• Marie of Brienne (10yrs) married Baldwin II of Constantinople (17yrs) in 1234.
• Margaret of Provence (13yrs) married Louis IX of France (20yrs) in 1234.
• Eleanor of Provence (12yrs) married Henry III of England (28yrs) in January 1236.
• Joan of Dammartin (16yrs) married Ferdinand III of Castile (37yrs) in 1237.
• Beatrice of Provence (17yrs) married Charles I of Sicily (20yrs) in 1246.
• Adelaide of Holland (16yrs) married John I, Count of Hainaut (28yrs), in October 1246.
• Violant of Aragon (12yrs) was married Alfonso X of Castile (27yrs) in January 1249.
• Margaret of England (11yrs) married Alexander III of Scotland (10yrs) in December 1251.
• Beatrice of Castile (11yrs), illegitimate daughter of Alfonso X of Castile and his mistress Mayor Guillén de Guzmán, was married Afonso III of Portugal (42yrs) in 1253.
• Elizabeth the Cuman (9yrs) married to the future Stephen V of Hungary in 1253.
• Eleanor of Castile (12yrs) married Edward I of England (15yrs) in 1254.
• Beatrice of England (17yrs) married John de Dreux (21yrs) in January 1260.
• Isabella of Aragon (14yrs) married the future Philip III of France (17yrs) in May 1262. They had been betrothed since May 1258, when she was 10 and he was 13.
• Margaret of France (15yrs) married to John I, Duke of Brabant (17yrs), in 1270.
• Elizabeth of Sicily (9yrs) married to the future Ladislaus IV of Hungary (8yrs) in 1270.
• Isabella of Villehardouin (11yrs) married to Philip of Sicily (aged about 16yrs) in May 1271.
• Sybille of Bâgé (16yrs) married to Amadeus V, Count of Savoy (22yrs) in 1272.
• María de Molina (17yrs) married to the future Sancho IV of Castile (23yrs) in 1282.
• Joan I of Navarre (11yrs) married to the future Philip IV of France (16yrs) in August 1285.
• Judith of Habsburg (13yrs) married to Wenceslaus II of Bohemia (13yrs) in January 1285.
• Mahaut of Artois (16yrs) married to Otto IV, Count of Burgundy (37yrs), in 1285.
• Margaret of England (15yrs) married to John II, Duke of Brabant (14yrs), in 1290. Margaret and John had been betrothed since they were 3 and 2, respectively.
• Margaret of Brabant (15yrs) married to Henry, Count of Luxembourg (14yrs), in July 1292.
• Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (14yrs) married to John I, Count of Holland (13yrs), in 1297.

14th century

• Marie de Namur (14yrs) married to Henry II, Graf of Vianden in 1336.
• Joan de Geneville (15yrs) married to Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March (14yrs), in 1301.
• Joan of Artois (12yrs) married to the future Gaston I, Count of Foix (14yrs), in 1301.
• Elizabeth de Burgh (13yrs) married to Robert the Bruce (28yrs) in 1302.
• Margaret of Burgundy (15yrs) married to the future Louis X of France (15yrs) in 1305.
• Joan of Valois (11yrs) married to William I, Count of Hainault (19yrs) in May 1305.
• Anna Přemyslovna (15yrs) married to Henry of Bohemia (41yrs) in 1306.
• Joan of Burgundy (15yrs) married to Philip V of France (14yrs) in 1307.
• Blanche of Burgundy (12yrs) married to the future Charles IV of France (13yrs) in January 1308.
• Isabella of France (13yrs) married to Edward II of England (23yrs) in 1308.
• Elizabeth de Clare (13yrs) married to John de Burgh (22yrs) in 1308.
• Mahaut of Châtillon (15yrs) married to Charles, Count of Valois (38yrs), in 1308.
• Beatrice of Castile (16yrs) married to Afonso IV of Portugal (18yrs) in September 1309.
• Margaret of Valois (15yrs) married to Guy I, Count of Blois, in 1310.
• Marie of Évreux (8yrs) married to John III, Duke of Brabant (11yrs), in 1311.
• Jeanne de Clisson (12yrs) married to Geoffrey de Châteaubriant VIII (19yrs) in 1312.
• Catherine of Valois–Courtenay (10yrs) married to Philip I, Prince of Taranto (34yrs), in July 1313.
• Elizabeth de Badlesmere (3yrs) married to Edmund Mortimer (13yrs) in 1316.
• Beatrice of Luxembourg (13yrs) married to Charles I of Hungary (30yrs) in November 1318.
• Joan of France (10yrs) married to Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy (23yrs), in 1318.
• Katherine Mortimer (5yrs) married to Thomas Beauchamp (6yrs) in 1319.
• Margaret Mortimer (15yrs) married to Thomas de Berkeley (23yrs) in 1319.
• Joan of Valois (16yrs) married to Robert III of Artois (33yrs) circa 1320.
• Margaret of France (10yrs) married to Louis I, Count of Flanders (16yrs), in 1320.
• Isabella of France (11yrs) married to Guigues VIII of Viennois (14yrs) in 1323.
• Constanza Manuel of Villena (10yrs) married to Alfonso XI of Castile (14yrs) in 1325. The marriage was annulled two years later.
• Philippa of Hainault (12yrs) married to Edward III of England (15yrs) in 1327.
• Joan of the Tower (7yrs) married to the future David II of Scotland (4yrs) in 1328.
• Maria of Portugal (15yrs), eldest daughter of King Afonso IV of Portugal and his first wife Beatrice of Castile, was married to the Alfonso XI of Castile (16yrs) in 1328.
• Agnes Mortimer (12yrs) married to Laurence Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke (10yrs), in 1328 or 1329. Laurence was a ward of Agnes’s father, Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March.
• Blanche of Valois (13yrs) married to Charles IV, King of Bohemia (13yrs; later Holy Roman Emperor), in 1329.
• Yolande Palaeologina of Montferrat (11yrs) married to Aymon, Count of Savoy (38yrs), in May 1330.
• Bonne of Luxembourg (17yrs) married to John, Duke of Normandy (13yrs), in July 1332.
• Eleanor of Woodstock (13yrs) married to Reginald II, Duke of Guelders (37yrs), in 1332.
• The future Joanna I of Naples (7yrs) married to Andrew of Hungary (6yrs) in 1333.
• Joanna of Brabant (12yrs) married to William IV, Count of Holland (11yrs), in 1334.
• Beatrice of Bourbon (14yrs) married to her second cousin John of Bohemia (38yrs) in December 1334.
• Joan I, Countess of Auvergne (12yrs), married to Philip of Burgundy (15yrs) circa 1338.
• Maria of Navarre (9yrs) married to Peter IV of Aragon (18yrs) in July 1338.
• Joan of Kent (12yrs) secretly married Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent (26yrs), in 1340. Holland went to war overseas, and her family arranged for the 13-year-old Joan to marry William Montagu (12yrs) in late 1340. When Holland returned, the marriage was revealed, and Holland petitioned the Pope to have Holland’s wife returned to him. Following the ruling in Holland’s favor in 1349, Pope Clement VI annulled the marriage to Montagu and ordered Joan and Holland to be married in the Church.
• Isabel de la Cerda (17yrs) married to Ruy Pérez Ponce de León in 1346.
• Agnes of Navarre (14yrs) married to Gaston III, Count of Foix (17yrs), in 1348.
• Joanna of Bourbon (12yrs) married to Charles V of France (12yrs) in April 1350.
• Maud de Ufford (5yrs) married to Thomas de Vere, 8th Earl of Oxford (15yrs), sometime before 10 June 1350.
• Bianca of Savoy (13yrs) married to Galeazzo II Visconti (30yrs) in September 1350.
• Anna von Schweidnitz (14yrs) married to Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor (37yrs), in 1353. She had originally been betrothed at age 11 to Charles’s newborn son and heir, Wencelaus, but after the death of both Wenceslaus and his mother, Charles asked to marry Anna himself.
• The future Margaret III, Countess of Flanders (7yrs), married to Philip I, Duke of Burgundy (11yrs), in 1357.
• Elizabeth de Bohun (9yrs) married to Richard Fitzalan (13yrs) in 1359.
• Margaret of England (12yrs), daughter of Edward III of England, married John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (11yrs), in 1359.
• Isabella of Valois (12yrs) married Gian Galeazzo Visconti (8yrs) in October 1360, a week before Gian’s 9th birthday.
• Mary of Waltham (16yrs) married John IV, Duke of Brittany (21yrs), in 1361.
• Elisabeth of Bohemia (8yrs) married Albert III, Duke of Austria (17yrs), in 1366.
• Katherine de Roet (17yrs) was married to Hugh Ottes Swynford circa in 1366. She would go on to become the mistress and later wife of John of Gaunt.
• Anne Mauny (13yrs) married John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (20yrs), in 1368, following the death of his first wife, Margaret, in 1361.
• Elizabeth of Pomerania (16yrs) married Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor (47yrs), in 1363.
• Joan Holland (16yrs) married John IV, Duke of Brittany (26yrs), in 1366.
• Taddea Visconti (16yrs) married the future Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria (30yrs), in 1367.
• Philippa of Clarence (13yrs) married Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March (16yrs), in 1368.
• Eleanor of Castile (12yrs) married the future Charles III of Navarre (14yrs) in May 1375.
• Eleanor de Bohun (10yrs) married Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester (21yrs), in 1376.
• Philippa de Coucy (9yrs) married Robert de Vere (14yrs) in 1376.
• Elizabeth of Lancaster (17yrs), daughter of John of Gaunt, married John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (8yrs), in 1380. Elizabeth did not have sex with John to seal the marriage and ended up cheating on John of Gaunt with John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter, whom she later married.
• Mary de Bohun (11yrs) married Henry Bolingbroke (13yrs; later King Henry IV of England) in 1380.
• Anna of Poland (14yrs) married William, Count of Celje (19yrs), in 1380.
• Anne of Bohemia (15yrs) married Richard II of England (15yrs) in January 1382.
• Margaret of Burgundy (10yrs) married the future William II, Duke of Bavaria (19yrs), in April 1385, a week before William’s 20th birthday.
• Isabeau of Bavaria (16yrs) married Charles VI of France (16yrs) in 1385.
• Joan of Navarre (17yrs) married John IV, Duke of Brittany (47yrs), in 1386.
• Jadwiga of Poland (13yrs) married Władysław II Jagiełło (34yrs) in February 1386.
• Marie of Berry (11yrs) married Louis III de Châtillon in 1386. After Louis’s death, she at the age of 18, married Philip of Artois, Count of Eu (35yrs).
• Joan of France (5yrs) married the future John V, Duke of Brittany (7yrs), in 1396.
• Marie of Brittany (5yrs) married John of Perche (11yrs) in July 1396.
• Anne of Gloucester (7yrs) married Thomas Stafford, 3rd Earl of Stafford (22yrs), circa 1390. After Stafford’s death, Anne (15yrs) married Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford (20yrs) in 1398.
• Joan Beaufort (12yrs) married Robert Ferrers, 2nd Baron Ferrers of Wem (18yrs), in 1391. Ferrers died circa 1396, and later that same year, the now 17-year-old Joan married Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland (32yrs).
• Isabella of Valois (6yrs) married King Richard II of England (29yrs)

15th century

• Blanche I of Navarre (14yrs) married by proxy to Martin I of Sicily (28yrs) in May 1402. An in-person ceremony was later performed in December of that year.
• Johanna van Polanen (11yrs) married Engelbert I of Nassau (34yrs) on 1 August 1403.
• Beatrice of Navarre (14yrs) married James II, Count of La Marche (36yrs), in 1406.
• Mary of Burgundy (13yrs) married Adolph, Count of Mark (32yrs), in May 1406.
• Isabella of Valois (6yrs) married Richard II of England (29yrs) in October 1396, a little over a week before her seventh birthday. They never confirmed the marriage by having sex. After Richard’s death, Isabella married her cousin Charles, Duke of Orléans (11yrs), in June 1406, Isabella of Valois (16yrs).
• Michelle of Valois (14yrs) married Philip the Good (12yrs) in June 1409.
• Bonne of Artois (17yrs) married Philip II, Count of Nevers (23yrs), in 1413.
• Jacqueline of Hainaut (14yrs) married John, Duke of Touraine (16yrs), in August 1415. After John’s death in 1417, she married John IV, Duke of Brabant (14yrs), in March 1418, Jacqueline of Hainaut (17yrs).
• Joan of Valois (14yrs), daughter of Isabella of Valois, married John II, Duke of Alençon (15yrs), in 1424.
• Marie of Armagnac (17yrs) married John II, Duke of Alençon (28yrs), in April 1437.
• Marie of Savoy (17yrs) married Filippo Maria Visconti (36yrs) in 1428.
• Catherine of Cleves (12yrs) married Arnold, Duke of Guelders (19yrs), in January 1430.
• Jacquetta of Luxembourg (17yrs) married John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (43yrs), in April 1433.
• Margaret Stewart (11yrs), daughter of James I of Scotland, married Louis, Dauphin of France (12yrs), in June 1436.
• Agnes of Cleves (17yrs) married Charles, Prince of Viana (18yrs), in 1439.
• Blanche of Navarre (16yrs) married her cousin Henry IV of Castile (15yrs) in 1440.
• Eleanor of Navarre (15yrs) married Gaston IV, Count of Foix (19yrs), in 1441.
• Isabel of Coimbra (15yrs) married Afonso V of Portugal (15yrs) in May 1447.
• Mary of Guelders (15yrs) married James II of Scotland (15yrs) in July 1449.
• Lady Eleanor Talbot (13yrs) married Sir Thomas Butler, son of Ralph Boteler, 1st Baron Sudeley, in 1449.
• Margaret Beaufort, (7yrs) married John de la Pole (7yrs) in 1450 by the arrangement John’s father. The marriage was annulled in 1453. Margaret Beaufort, (12yrs) married Edmund Tudor, (25yrs).
• Charlotte of Savoy (10yrs) married Louis, Dauphin of France (27yrs), in 1451.
• Elizabeth Woodville (14yrs) married Sir John Grey, of Groby (20yrs), in about 1452. Elizabeth would later become Queen consort of England as the wife of Edward IV. Through her daughter Elizabeth of York, she would eventually become the maternal grandmother of Henry VIII.
• Margaret of Guelders (17yrs) married Frederick, Count at Sponheim (36yrs) in August 1454.
• Elizabeth of Nevers (15yrs) married John I, Duke of Cleves (36yrs), in April 1455.
• Joan of Portugal (16yrs) married Henry IV of Castile (30yrs) in May 1455.
• Margaret of Brittany (12yrs) married Francis of Étampes (22yrs) in 1455.
• Margaret of Denmark (13yrs) married James III of Scotland (18yrs) in July 1469.
• Eleanor of Viseu (11yrs) married her first cousin John, Prince of Portugal (14yrs) in January 1470.
• Anne of France (12yrs) married Peter II, Duke of Bourbon (36yrs), 1473.
• Caterina Sforza was betrothed at (10yrs) to Girolamo Riario (30yrs) in 1473. They were married that same year, but only had sex to confirm the marriage in 1477, when Caterina turned 14.
• Joan of France, Duchess of Berry (12yrs), was betrothed in a wedding contract at age 8-days-old, she was officially married at the age of twelve in 1476, to her cousin Louis, Duke of Orléans (14yrs).
• Anne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk (6yrs), was married to Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York (4yrs), in 1477. She died at age 10 and he, as one of the Princes in the Tower, is believed to have been murdered at age 10.
• Sophia of Poland (14yrs) married Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (18yrs), in 1479.
• Clara Gonzaga (17yrs) married Gilbert of Bourbon-Montpensier (39yrs) in 1482.
• Anne of Brittany (13yrs) was married by proxy to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (31yrs), in 1490. After Charles VIII of France (21yrs) stormed the city where she was staying, she was married to him in 1491, (14yrs); her marriage to Maximilian was annulled the following year.
• Margery Wentworth (16yrs) married John Seymour (20yrs) in 1494. They became the parents of Jane Seymour.
• Catherine of York (16yrs) married William Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (20yrs), in 1495.
• Joanna of Castile (17yrs) married Philip of Flanders (18yrs) in October 1496.
• Beatrice de Frangepan (15yrs) married John Corvinus (22yrs) in 1496.
• Margaret of Austria (17yrs) married John, Prince of Asturias (18yrs), in April 1497.
• Louise de Bourbon (17yrs), married Andre III de Chauvigny in 1499.
• Philippa of England (12yrs), married Eric of Pomerania in 1406.

16th century

17th century

18th century

19th century

20th century